出口贸易对我国环境污染的影响:基于产业层面的分析开题报告

 2023-02-05 11:02

1. 研究目的与意义

研究背景

随着全球经济的快速发展,中国经济发生了巨大变化,尤其是经济全球化和贸易自由化带来了巨大的影响。目前,我国的产业国际竞争力显著增强,已成为了世界第二大经济体、第一大的出口国和第二大的进口国。尽管如此,2008年的经济危机仍然给中国的发展带来了不可磨灭的冲击。所以,后危机时代更应该重视产业竞争力。我国经济发展的同时环境破坏十分严重,臭氧层破坏、酸雨、气候变暖、水污染、雾霾等环境问题不断涌现。2005-2010年间,全球空气污染死亡率上升4%,中国却上升了5%; 2010 年,我国氮氧化物排放高达2274万吨,二氧化硫排放达2185万吨,二者均居世界第一,而粉尘排放量也位居前列,高达829万吨。2016年9月,WHO公布了世界空气污染地域分布图,中国辖区大面积飘红,成为污染重灾区。近年来,雾霾和灰霾天气的频现,更是加剧了人们心理上的恐慌。为了解决这一系列环境问题,政府不断颁布多项环保政策法规和条例。并且根据贸易引力模型,证明了我国环境规制等因素与产品出口竞争力密切相关。在此情况下,寻求一条可以确保产业国际竞争力和环境保护协调发展的道理,考察产业出口贸易对我国环境的影响,不仅是必要的,而且是十分有意义的。

已有实验计算我国2005-2010年23个制造业的环境规制强度、产业国际竞争力与污染强度,结果表明我国环境规制与产业国际竞争力呈正相关关系。并且基于贸易引力模型,证明了我国环境规制等因素与敏感性产品出口竞争力有一定关系。目前,随着政府加强环境管理,我国环境敏感性产品出口竞争力呈增强趋势,但随着人均GDP的增高,我国环境敏感性产品出口竞争力反而呈下降趋势。

2. 研究内容和预期目标

以产业为研究对象,着重分析出口贸易对我国环境的具体影响。首先,通过研究我国出口贸易现状在发展过程中存在的问题,根据对应时间点(2017 - 2019年的历史数据)的贸易值与排放值,确定后以主要产业的出口交易值为自变量,工业污染数据为因变量,利用回归方程从结构效应、技术效应、规模效应这三个方面着重分析描绘我国这3年间EKC(库兹涅茨)的基本情况。为缩短企业尤其是污染密集型企业的出口期限,完善和制定环境政策,进一步加强环境监测能力,实现我国外贸结构调整和低碳转型寻求途径。

3. 国内外研究现状

(一)国外研究现状

1.分析对贸易环境效应影响的因素

(1)grossman和krueger(1991)等把贸易对环境的影响分解为结构效应规模效应与技术效应等,形成了贸易环境效应的基本分析框架;

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4. 计划与进度安排

时间安排

研究计划

2022-1-1-2022-1-15

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